Legislature(2009 - 2010)BUTROVICH 205
01/29/2009 09:00 AM Senate EDUCATION
| Audio | Topic |
|---|---|
| Start | |
| SB57 | |
| Adjourn |
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
| *+ | SB 57 | TELECONFERENCED | |
SB 57-CHARTER SCHOOL FUNDING
CHAIR ELTON announced consideration of SB 57 Version E.
9:08:11 AM
SENATOR THOMAS remarked that the sponsor statement may be longer
than is necessary for the committee members, but he felt some
explanation was needed for the general public because there
seems to be some confusion about why and how the [funding]
calculations are made.
SB 57 corrects a flaw in the school funding laws for charter
schools with fewer than 150 students. It fixes what he calls the
Charter School penalty.
Current law results in charter schools with under 150
students receiving 30 to 45 percent less state funding
than neighborhood schools of their same size. SB 57
funds these charter schools at a per-child rate closer
to that of average, urban elementary schools.
Charter schools are public schools that provide
valuable education options to Alaskan families. They
increase learning opportunities and encourage parent
and community involvement in our schools. Charter
schools are designed and managed by parent-elected
boards, under contract with their local school
districts to create a school choice with the public
school system. The very process of choosing engages
parents and gives them a feeling of ownership, which
in and of itself encourages student achievement. The
legislature passed Alaska's initial charter school law
in 1995. It authorized local school districts to
approve charter schools in their communities subject
to final approval by the State Board of Education.
However the funding system has limited communities'
ability to use the law to create and sustain these
innovative programs.
SB 57 solves the funding problems in an equitable,
fiscally responsible manner. It will support our
schools and districts as they carry out the
legislature's intent in creating the charter schools.
SENATOR THOMAS brought the committee's attention to a bar-chart
that illustrates the count adjustment per student based on
school enrollment for neighborhood schools, for charter schools
under the current funding calculation and for charter schools
under the proposed funding calculation.
9:11:29 AM
CATHERINE REARDON, Aid to Senator Joe Thomas, presented a
sectional analysis.
The root of the problem is the way the foundation formula
calculates the adjusted student count for charter schools versus
neighborhood schools. The adjusted student count is the basis of
state funding for all schools in Alaska. The funding a school
district receives is calculated by multiplying this adjusted
student count by the district cost factor, the special needs
factor and other factors and finally by the dollar amount in the
base student allocation. The adjusted student count is
determined by the school size formula in AS 14.17.450.
The formula in the law recognizes that economies of scale make
it less expensive to operate a large school than a small school,
therefore the enrollment of small schools is increased by a
factor much higher than the adjustment for large schools. For
example, the enrollment of a school of 75 students is adjusted
to 123, a school with 400 students is adjusted to 472, and a
school with 1000 students is adjusted to 1004. Charter schools
with enrollment of less than 150 students are not treated as
separate schools for purposes of the adjusted student count
calculation. Instead, the Department of Education adds the
charter school students to the students attending the largest
school in their district and calculates the adjusted student
count for the combined enrollment. This system makes the
adjusted student count of the charter school lower than their
actual enrollment while almost all other schools are adjusted
upwards. (See "The Role of the "Adjusted Student Count" in
School Funding".)
The statute contains brackets of student enrollment figures; for
each bracket there is a base number of adjusted students
granted, and then there is a multiplier for the students above
the number at the bottom of the bracket range. The base number
plus the multiplier, times the number of students in the school
in excess of the base results in the adjusted student count.
Using a school with 100 students as an example, the base figure
is 122.85. That is added to the product of the multiplier
(1.27) and the difference between the number of students
enrolled and the lowest number in the bracket range, which is 75
in this case; so 122.85 + (1.27 x (100-75)) = 154.6.
Charter schools are the exception to this calculation rule.
There is no base because they are lumped into the largest school
in their district. For charter schools in Anchorage, Fairbanks,
Juneau and MatSu, the multiplier for the largest school in their
district is .84, so using that same calculation for a charter
school with an enrollment of 100 students results in an adjusted
student count of 84. An adjusted student count for a
neighborhood school of 100 students in that area would be 154.6.
That is the root of the funding problem for these schools.
9:16:15 AM
SENATOR HUGGINS said he understands the penalty of lumping
[charter school enrollment] into the larger schools but asked if
she had looked at the differential of the penalty in different
communities.
MS. REARDON directed Senator Huggins's attention to the second
page of the "Alaska Public Charter Schools Directory," which has
a listing of charter schools by district and pointed out that
Fairbanks, Homer, Juneau and Nome all have charter schools with
enrollment of under 150 students.
9:17:35 AM
CHAIR ELTON interjected for those attending the meeting online,
that much of the testimony is based upon charts and graphs that
are difficult to follow. He said he would try to get the
information to the [Legislative Information Offices] LIO and
that he assumes attendees can also get the materials by calling
Senator Thomas's office.
MS. REARDON continued to answer Senator Huggins's question. She
said that Nome has Anvil City Science Academy, which has 44
students. Nome's largest school is in the bracket that results
in a .97 multiplier. Homer has a charter school with
approximately 77 students and Homer's largest school has a
multiplier of .92. All of the other charter schools below 150
fall into the category of a .84 multiplier. Bethel's charter
school did drop below 150 two years ago and was in the .92
category.
9:19:14 AM
SENATOR OLSON asked Senator Thomas if there is a provision for
schools that can't grow any more because of facility
constraints.
SENATOR THOMAS said no, they will remain as they are.
9:19:59 AM
MS. REARDON clarified that SB 57 says Charter Schools that are
consistently below 150 would increase to a rate of 1.18, which
is the per-student rate of adjustment of a school of 400. So the
Nome charter school would go to 1.18. The second part of the
bill says that charter schools in their first year of operation
or that had 150 or more students the year before will have a one
year hold harmless period, during which they will receive 95
percent of the adjustment given to schools of 150. After that
year, if enrollment does not go up to 150 or above, the
adjustment will go to 1.18. Some schools will always be under
150 students, but some schools that are generally over 150 may
drop unexpectedly and perhaps temporarily.
9:21:48 AM
MS. REARDON added that Charter Schools that are within the one
year hold harmless period must submit to their local school
districts a plan for the following year, which includes a
statement about whether they will continue to operate if
enrollment does not increase to 150 students. The plan must
detail transfer plans for the students, staff and materials if
they intend to close. If they intend to continue operations, it
must contain a projection of anticipated funding, a budget and a
description of anticipated changes in the program, staff and
curriculum.
9:23:03 AM
SENATOR HUGGINS asked how much it costs a school under the
current statute if enrollment falls from 150 to 149 students.
MS. REARDON answered that they lose about half a million
dollars.
9:23:44 AM
SENATOR DAVIS moved to make SB 57, Version E the working
document of the committee. There being no objections it was so
ordered.
SENATOR THOMAS wrapped up with his hope that the committee will
consider the bill and make suggestions to improve it.
9:24:52 AM
CHAIR ELTON said he anticipates there may be questions from the
administration about a fiscal note. He asked Senator Thomas if
he had any comments about that.
SENATOR THOMAS said the explanation of the fiscal note is almost
as complex as the formulas and suggested that Eddy Jeans could
explain it more clearly.
9:25:50 AM
SENATOR OLSON asked who Senator Thomas expects to oppose this
bill.
SENATOR THOMAS answered that he is not aware of anyone who will
do so.
SENATOR OLSON said he is surprised that he has seen so little
feedback from school districts as to whether or not they are in
favor of the bill.
SENATOR THOMAS said he hopes they will hear some comment from
them, perhaps today.
9:27:12 AM
SENATOR HUGGINS opined that this formula is so complicated and
hard to follow, that he thinks they should look at a number of
possible solutions. For example, they could simply change the
overall count factor, which would drive up the fiscal note. He
admitted that it really is a problem and said he would be
interested to hear what others, including Mr. Jeans, have to say
about how to fix it.
9:28:21 AM
CHAIR ELTON said he has begun getting a lot of email from
parents and charter schools, as well as one from the
superintendant of schools in Anchorage. Her board has not taken
a position, but she notes that they are very interested in
maintaining charter schools and are aware of the draconian
situation. He anticipates that there will be much more interest
after this hearing.
9:29:52 AM
SENATOR DAVIS commented that she appreciates all of the
information Senator Thomas and his staff prepared for the
committee.
9:30:16 AM
EDDY JEANS, Director of School Finance for the Alaska Department
of Education and Early Development, said the current charter
school legislation allows up to 60 charter schools in state;
only 22 are operating at this time. Of those 22, 18 meet the 150
student threshold to count as a separate site. He admitted that
the change in funding from 150 students to 149 is pretty
draconian, but sees this bill as a way to address it. This is
clearly a legislative call, and he stated that the department
will support the legislature in their decision.
He reiterated that funding for those charter schools that never
intend to reach 150 students will be set at 1.18; those that are
above the threshold and fall below 150 will have a transition
year during which they will be funded at 1.38. Within that
component, he said, another piece provides that a new charter
school with 120-150 students will be funded at that same rate
during their first year of operation.
The department prepared a fiscal note to illustrate the impacts
of the legislation, which shows that it will cost the state an
additional $174,000. He pointed out however, that the figure
listed under Nome is $21,796; the charter school would actually
benefit more than that under this provision, but because the
Nome school district is under the hold harmless provision that
was passed last year in SB 278, the overall increase in revenue
to the district is only $21,796. The actual increase to the
charter school under this legislation would be approximately
$87,000.
9:34:38 AM
SENATOR HUGGINS asked if the department had discussed using a
step-down technique so the funding would be reduced less
dramatically for one, two, perhaps up to ten students, and the
draconian measures would kick in at ten.
MR. JEANS said the hold harmless method is a reasonable approach
for dealing with those situations. The question is how much
money is the state willing to provide to small charter schools
that are operating in larger urban areas. The current mechanism
is probably not appropriate, but the actual number is up to the
legislature. He reminded the committee that he had provided them
with a schedule during the previous session that had funding for
small charter schools at 1.08. He believes they also considered
1.17 and 1.27 at different times.
9:37:17 AM
CHAIR ELTON asked if Mr. Jeans would be available later, as they
need to take public testimony.
SENATOR HUGGINS asked Mr. Jeans to recap for the committee the
hold harmless provision that passed during the last legislative
session.
MR. JEANS explained that if the district's overall adjusted
[average daily membership] ADM for school size decreases by five
percent from the prior year, the state will provide a step-down
from their existing funding to 75 percent of the difference in
funding, then 50 percent, then 25 percent until they get to the
new funding level. This is a good approach that was incorporated
in the old funding formula, but it was left out when the formula
was re-written in 1998.
9:38:48 AM
CHAIR ELTON asked Mr. Jeans to stay at the table for other
questions.
9:39:09 AM
RICK LUTHI, Superintendant of Schools, Nome Public Schools,
Nome, AK, expressed the school board's thanks to the committee
for considering this bill. He commented that Anvil City Science
Academy in Nome has been in operation for over 10 years now and
serves 44 students. He invited all of them to visit their
charter school if they are ever in Nome; it is a wonderful
culture and environment and is doing great things for kids. Very
simply, this is a proposal that will help them keep going. They
feel it is reasonable and will not only help their charter
school but the whole district as they educate the students they
are charged to take care of. They appreciate the committee
looking at this and very much hope they will give it strong
consideration.
SENATOR OLSON asked Mr. Luthi if the factor of 1.18 is going to
be enough to meet the financial needs of their school.
MR. LUTHI said there are constant challenges; they worry about
facilities and space constantly but think this increase is going
to help and is a step in the right direction. They have a group
of dedicated staff and parents and will make it work with
whatever resources the legislature is able to provide them.
CHAIR ELTON released Mr. Jeans, thanking him for his testimony.
He said that there are quite a few people who want to testify,
so instead of limiting public testimony to a particular length,
he would ask that people do not repeat testimony. If their
comment has been made, he asked that they just express
agreement.
9:43:37 AM
KIKI ABRAHAMSON, President, Charter School Association, Fireweed
Academy, Homer, AK, said their charter school program is based
on a theme immersion model and uses a lot of constructive
principles. She had her sixth grade class of 20 students with
her and they all expressed strong support for this bill with a
rousing ovation.
Fireweed Academy has been very fortunate in being allowed to
share facilities through the Kenai School District, but they are
struggling. They don't want to get to 150 students but have had
to try to do that in order to keep their doors open. They
haven't been able to do it because there aren't any facilities
for growth. It is very hard for them to know that their
students, who walk through the north door of the school, get 25
percent less funding than the students of West Homer Elementary
who walk through the main door.
MS. ABRAHAMSON said that during a two-day summit of the Charter
School Association, the words she heard most often were
"innovation" and "equity." She worked on the facilities and
funding strand, and that group came to consensus on recommending
two action items: to pursue equitable funding and to explore
equitable access to facilities. She stressed that, as Mr. Jeans
pointed out, for over 12 years the existing charter school
legislation has handicapped the current charter schools and has
provided disincentives for creating new ones. She closed by
saying that they are very appreciative that the committee is
supporting change to the legislation to promote innovation and
equity for all Alaska students.
9:46:40 AM
SENATOR HUGGINS asked Ms. Abrahamson if they get the local
contribution.
MS. ABRAHAMSON said they get the minimum only.
SENATOR HUGGINS pointed out that is another disparity in funding
for charter schools, and the fact that they get only part of the
local contribution is a distortion he has never understood.
9:47:33 AM
LAURIE SCANDLING, Assistant Superintendent, Juneau School
District, said their board has adopted a position as part of
their legislative priority package on rectifying the built-in
inequity in funding for charter schools. For a total of 11 years
she managed alternative schools in the Juneau school district,
serving students who were not successful in what some call
mainstream education, and she has no doubt that alternatives are
necessary. One size does not fit all. She said she will not
speak specifically about the Juneau charter school, although she
noted that they do face a viability issue over the next two
years if the funding formula does not change. She wanted to
speak to the stability, predictability and equity of funding.
MS. SCANDLING said that in the past two years, two charter
schools, one in Anchorage and one in Fairbanks, have faced the
position of having to close due to a sudden drop in enrollment
below 150. Both of those schools have issues that need to be
rectified if the state does indeed care about providing viable
options for students across the state. It is more than a Juneau
issue; it is an issue that affects many communities and an issue
of equity for many students who are seeking an alternative. She
understands that this legislation would provide funding at the
400 student school size. She said they are not looking to create
a plethora of tiny schools; she understands that the economy of
scale cannot afford that. She said the Juneau School District
appreciates their supporting this legislation and offered to
answer any questions.
9:51:28 AM
DAVE JONES, Assistant Superintendent, Kenai Peninsula School
District, Kenai, AK, went on record as saying their district has
four charter schools. They support them because of the
alternatives they offer the students and because of their
history of high academic achievement. This bill directly
addresses the situation of Fireweed Academy in Homer. They
usually operate with about 70 students and would like to
continue to do so; this bill would help them do that. Fireweed
is unique in that it shares a building with one of their
traditional neighborhood schools. He attended a Parent Advisory
Committee Meeting there and was asked why the charter school
students receive less funding than the students attending the
neighborhood school. His only response was that the statute says
that's how it is. He stressed that he is here today to support
this bill because he would like to go back to the parent
advisory board and tell them equity has been addressed. He is
also in favor of the hold harmless provision.
9:54:30 AM
BRENDA TAYLOR, President, Academic Policy Committee, Juneau
Community Charter School, thinks this bill is the best proposal
to solve the current problem and to promote charter schools for
the future. When the charter school bill passed 12 years ago it
was seen as a way to broaden the educational options for
students across Alaska. That has not been able to happen in all
communities yet; this bill would make that possible.
MS. TAYLOR wanted to explain why charter schools can't always be
over 150 students. Some charter schools are targeting a small
population that will never be 150; perhaps it is a group of at-
risk middle school students. In Fairbanks they have cobbled
together a couple of different school programs into one school
with over 150 students in order to meet the needs of discreet
populations in that way. Some communities cannot support a
school larger than 150, either because the community is small
or, as in Juneau, because neighborhood schools might be
adversely affected. And last, small is a very important
educational tool. A small school can provide a better
environment for some students, particularly students with
special social/emotional or other needs. Small schools also have
the flexibility to do special things with the curriculum that
cannot be done in a larger school, like bringing students to
this meeting.
9:58:55 AM
MARGIE HAMBURGER, Site Manager, Juneau Community Charter School,
expressed how important these schools are and how fortunate she
is to be able to send her four children to the Juneau Community
Charter School. If she didn't work there... if she didn't live
downtown... she probably couldn't enroll her children there
because the school does not have sufficient funding to provide
bus service, a rally program for after school care, a school
counselor or other things that regular public schools can
provide.
BRENDA TAYLOR introduced the four charter school students who
attended this meeting with her: Anouk Otsea, Ava Tompkins, Ryan
Moritz and Nick Tragis.
10:01:20 AM
LINDA EVANS, Principal, Effie Kokrine Charter School, Fairbanks,
AK, supports this bill. She feels charter schools are important
to assist students who do not fit into the mainstream system.
Their charter school has been having great difficulty getting to
and staying at 150 students. They have 93 percent Alaskan native
students, although enrollment is open to all. Their mission is
to provide different educational options to help their students
succeed. They use the "learning style concept" and integrate
Alaska native culture into the western educational system. An
emphasis at Effie Kokrine is a strong connection between what
students experience in school and in their communities. They
provide many cultural opportunities and opportunities for their
students to get out into the community. She thinks there must be
an equitable way in statute to assure every student a good
public education. They are not asking for anything excessive,
and provide a service to those students who would otherwise drop
out. They also offer an early college grant program that allows
thth
students from 7 to 12 grade to earn credits with the
University of Alaska and dual credit on their high school
transcripts; 86 of their 150 students are taking college credit
classes. She supports this legislation as a way to bring equity
to their students.
10:05:49 AM
BRAD FAULKER, Homer, AK, said his son graduated from Fireweed
Academy two years ago, and he could never understand why the
charter school students received less funding. Although he
doesn't see 1.18 as entirely equitable, it goes a long way
toward equity, and he sees it as an excellent compromise. He
thanked the committee for having this hearing.
10:07:00 AM
ANJI GALANOS, Juneau Community Charter School parent agrees.
10:07:17 AM
JOHN ALCANTRA, Government Relations Director, National Education
Association (NEA), Anchorage, AK, supports SB 57. He is going to
rd
the 53 annual NEA Alaska Delegate Assembly where there will be
about 400 members, including Todd Hindman from Nome Education
Association, who is in charge of the charter school there. NEA's
members have been active as educators and as parents in creating
a lot of the charter schools, so they definitely support SB 57.
They have 217 legislative items on the books, and he is pleased
to be down to 216. He thanked the committee for bringing this
legislation.
10:08:47 AM
MIKE FISHER, Chief Financial Officer, Fairbanks School District,
Fairbanks, AK, agreed with the previous testimony and read the
final paragraph of his written testimony.
If you believe in schools of choice for students and
parents and that local school boards and the State
Board of Education have done their jobs when they have
reviewed and approved charter applications, then it is
probably appropriate to correct a rather faulty
funding mechanism that has such a catastrophic impact
on charter schools for what turns out to be very small
variations in enrollment.
10:09:45 AM
SHANNA MALL, Principal, Winterberry Charter School, Anchorage,
AK, thanked the committee for the opportunity to testify. She
echoed previous testimony that charter schools do provide
innovation, a chance for groups of people to come together and
form a community for connection and collaboration. It is much
needed in a world that is often too big for some children and
families. She stressed the importance of equitable funding and
facilities. Their school began in summer 2005. They thought they
had facilities in a church, but found out in June that it wasn't
going to work. They had to find another building and convinced
the owner to make $700,000 in changes to the building with a
promise to pay later. Construction didn't begin until August, so
they had to struggle through weeks of moving from place to
place, teaching school outdoors for one week, spending another
week in one church and five weeks in another, doing their own
th
custodial work in addition to teaching. It was October 18 when
they finally got into their building.
MS. Mall said they had started the year with 180 students, but
had an enrollment in October of only 144, which meant they lost
about $680,000. They had to let two teachers go, let their
administrative and office staffs go, eliminate all of the arts
instructors and ask the remaining staff to fill all of the
positions. Throughout that first year, safety was a huge concern
because they didn't even know who was coming in and out of the
building. They had made so many promises to everyone... parents,
students, the building owner... and at the end of that year they
still owed $178,000. They were able to pay that out of the
second year budget, but that limited the programs they were able
to offer.
By their second year in operation Winterberry Charter School had
155 students; the third year they had 165; and this year they
reached 180 students. They are doing well now, but could not
have persevered if they had not had the complete commitment and
support of the school district.
10:14:31 AM
SENATOR HUGGINS asked if Ms. Mall agreed that the biggest
challenge for charter schools, among many, is facilities.
MS. MALL said it was a chicken and egg question, but that was
certainly a big problem for them.
SENATOR HUGGINS said the legislature may have a once-in-a-
lifetime opportunity with the federal stimulus package to look
at charter school facilities as a component to receive some of
that money and encouraged her to get together with Kiki
Abrahamson to discuss that.
10:15:48 AM
ANNIE KEEP-BARNES, Program Director, Head Teacher, North Pole
Campus, Star of the North Secondary School, Fairbanks, AK, said
their charter school has two campuses with over 207 students.
They were chartered to positively intervene for students who
don't fit into the traditional school model. She is very much in
favor of this bill and excited about the opportunity it
presents. The first year hold harmless provision is brilliant;
there are so many unexpected difficulties during that year. She
was encouraged that they are looking at the small schools as
well; innovation in education should not be limited to larger
communities or institutions.
Facilities are a huge problem. She commented that the Fairbanks
School District has been tremendously supportive and has helped
them every step of the way. When a school falls below 150 it is
an impossible situation for the district; they are either forced
to consider closing a school that opened with a lot of popular
support or to fund it at the expense of their other needed
programs. The district really has their hands tied, because,
under charter school law, the district owns the charter school
teachers' contracts, so if they have a charter school that
doesn't make the enrollment they are still responsible for those
teachers' contracts. It places a terrible burden on the
district.
10:20:07 AM
RHONDA LOUGHMAN, Treasurer, Tongass School of Arts and Sciences,
Tongass School District, Ketchikan, AK, said she would like them
to consider appropriate class size, its educational relevance
and how the funding formula impacts that. Their school is a K
through six school in its sixth year. They would like to keep
their class size at 20, but with seven teachers, that would put
them below 150 students, and they could not function financially
at that level. With their current classroom size maximums, they
are full at 165 kids. They have managed to stay over 150 each
year but this year are at 152.4, which is too close for comfort.
She fully supports SB 57 and hopes they will continue to look at
it.
CHAIR ELTON asked for other testimony but said they have only
about eight minutes remaining.
10:22:14 AM
BETH RIVEST, parent of two students at the Juneau Community
Charter School, Juneau, AK, wanted the committee to know how
hard it is to raise money to overcome shortfalls in the budget.
Their parent body works very hard to raise the money they need
to keep going. She emphasized that charter schools teach to
families; they make families better, and she really appreciates
the legislature's support.
CHAIR ELTON reiterated that they will not move the bill after
one hearing; he believes it will come back before their
committee fairly quickly. It does have another committee of
referral and Finance will take a much closer look at the fiscal
note. He assured the audience that this will not be a new issue
for Finance as they spent a lot of time last session talking
about the needs of charter schools.
SB 57 was held in committee.
10:24:05 AM
There being no further business to come before the committee,
Chair Elton adjourned the meeting at 10:24:05 a.m.
| Document Name | Date/Time | Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| Charter School Directory.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Adjusted Student Count table.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| SB 57 sponsor statement.dot |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| sb 57 sectional analysis.dot |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| per-student rate comparison.xls |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Charter School Statutes.doc |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| school size factor statutes.doc |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Letters of support.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| SB057-EED-ESS-1-22-09 (2).pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Comeau lttr re SB 57.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Lttrs of support 2.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Johansen lttr of support.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |
| Scolamiero lttr of support.pdf |
SEDC 1/29/2009 9:00:00 AM |
SB 57 |